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Rheumatoid Arthritis disease (also known as ruma arthritis) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and swelling. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear on the joints, RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, particularly the synovium (the lining of the joints). Over time, this inflammation can lead to joint damage and deformity, significantly impacting mobility and quality of life.
The causes of rheumatoid arthritis involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Genetic predisposition may play a role, as individuals with certain gene variations are more susceptible to developing RA. Environmental triggers such as infections, smoking, and hormonal changes may also contribute to the onset or exacerbation of RA in susceptible individuals.
Typical signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis disease include joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the small joints of the hands and feet. Individuals with RA may also experience fatigue, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, and general malaise. In some cases, RA can affect other organs and systems in the body, leading to complications such as rheumatoid nodules, lung inflammation, or cardiovascular disease.
Several factors may increase the risk of developing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), including genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and certain lifestyle factors. Family history of RA or other autoimmune diseases, smoking, obesity, and female gender are all associated with an increased risk of RA. Additionally, age (RA typically affects individuals between 30 and 60 years old) and certain occupations or environmental exposures may also contribute to the risk of developing RA.
Diagnosing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Healthcare providers may assess symptoms such as joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, as well as perform imaging tests such as X-rays or ultrasound to evaluate joint damage and inflammation. Blood tests such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody tests may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and monitor disease activity.
Rheumatoid arthritis therapy treatment aims to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and prevent joint damage. Medications commonly used to manage RA include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain relief, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation during flares, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to suppress the immune system and slow disease progression. Biologic therapies and targeted synthetic DMARDs may also be prescribed for individuals with moderate to severe RA.
Currently, there are no known preventive measures to avoid Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) entirely. However, certain lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and managing stress may help reduce the risk of developing RA or experiencing severe symptoms. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to minimize joint damage and improve long-term outcomes for individuals with RA.
If left untreated, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) can lead to progressive joint damage, disability, and reduced quality of life. Chronic inflammation in RA can cause irreversible joint destruction, deformity, and loss of function, resulting in impaired mobility and difficulty performing daily activities. In addition to joint complications, untreated RA may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and systemic complications affecting other organs and systems in the body.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) shares similarities with other autoimmune diseases and may coexist with or be associated with conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. These conditions may present with similar symptoms or underlying autoimmune mechanisms, requiring comprehensive evaluation and management by healthcare providers.